Katika somo hili utakwenda Jinsi ya kutengeneza ORM inayofanya CDRUDE operation.
Katika somo hili, tutajifunza jinsi ya kuandika programu ya CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) kwa kutumia Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) katika PHP. ORM ni njia ya kuwasiliana na database kwa kutumia madarasa na vitu badala ya maandiko ya moja kwa moja ya SQL.
Tunaingiza mafaili mawili muhimu katika programu hii:
create
, all
, find
, update
, na delete
kwenye jedwali la database.Model Class (model.php
):
Database::getInstance()->getConnection()
.id
kama kipengele cha kipekee.id
.id
.Index File (index.php
):
model.php
)<?php
class Model {
protected $db;
protected $table;
public function __construct($table) {
$this->db = Database::getInstance()->getConnection();
$this->table = $table; // Dynamically set the table name
}
public function create($data) {
// Automatically generate insert query from data
$columns = implode(", ", array_keys($data));
$placeholders = implode(", ", array_fill(0, count($data), "?"));
$stmt = $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO {$this->table} ($columns) VALUES ($placeholders)");
// Bind parameters dynamically
$stmt->bind_param(str_repeat("s", count($data)), ...array_values($data));
return $stmt->execute();
}
public function all() {
$stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table}");
$stmt->execute();
return $stmt->get_result()->fetch_all(MYSQLI_ASSOC);
}
public function find($id) {
$stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table} WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $id);
$stmt->execute();
return $stmt->get_result()->fetch_assoc();
}
public function update($id, $data) {
$setClause = "";
$types = "s"; // Start with "i" for id (integer)
// Build the set clause and types string
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
$setClause .= "$key = ?, ";
$types .= "s"; // Assuming all values in $data are strings
}
$setClause = rtrim($setClause, ", ");
// Prepare the SQL statement
$stmt = $this->db->prepare("UPDATE {$this->table} SET $setClause WHERE id = ?");
// Merge the values of $data with the id
$params = array_merge(array_values($data), [$id]);
// Bind parameters dynamically with the correct number of type specifiers
$stmt->bind_param($types, ...$params); // $types now includes "i" for id and "s" for each field in $data
return $stmt->execute();
}
public function delete($id) {
$stmt = $this->db->prepare("DELETE FROM {$this->table} WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $id);
return $stmt->execute();
}
}
?>
index.php
)<?php
require_once 'dbclass.php';
require_once "model.php";
// Initialize ORM
$customerORM = new Model('customers');
$error = "";
// Handle form submission for adding a new customer
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] === "POST" && isset($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] === 'create') {
$name = trim($_POST['name']);
$email = trim($_POST['email']);
if (!empty($name) && !empty($email)) {
$data = [
'name' => $name,
'email' => $email
];
if ($customerORM->create($data)) {
header("Location: index.php");
exit();
} else {
$error = "Failed to add customer.";
}
} else {
$error = "Please fill in all fields.";
}
}
// Handle form submission for updating a customer
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] === "POST" && isset($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] === 'update') {
$id = $_POST['id'];
$name = trim($_POST['name']);
$email = trim($_POST['email']);
if (!empty($name) && !empty($email)) {
$data = [
'name' => $name,
'email' => $email
];
if ($customerORM->update($id, $data)) {
header("Location: index.php");
exit();
} else {
$error = "Failed to update customer.";
}
} else {
$error = "Please fill in all fields.";
}
}
// Handle delete operation
if (isset($_GET['delete'])) {
$id = $_GET['delete'];
if ($customerORM->delete($id)) {
header("Location: index.php");
exit();
} else {
$error = "Failed to delete customer.";
}
}
// Fetch all customers
$customers = $customerORM->all();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Customer List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Customer List</h2>
<?php if (!empty($customers)): ?>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
<?php foreach ($customers as $customer): ?>
<tr>
<td><?= ht">
...
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