PHP somo la 95: Jinsi ya kutengeneza customer ORM

PHP somo la 95: Jinsi ya kutengeneza customer ORM
Katika somo hili utajifunza jinsi ya kutengeneza ORM ya msingi kwa kutumia PHP na MySQL, ambayo itakuwezesha kufanya operesheni za CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) kwa urahisi.

1. Kuandaa Database Connection

Kama ilivyo kwenye mfano wa awali, tunahitaji class ya Database ambayo itashughulikia connection na MySQL. Hii itakuwa ni Singleton pattern kama ilivyokuwa awali:

class Database {
    private static $instance = null;
    private $conn;

    private function __construct() {
        $this->conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "shop");
        if ($this->conn->connect_error) {
            die("Connection failed: " . $this->conn->connect_error);
        }
    }

    public static function getInstance() {
        if (!self::$instance) {
            self::$instance = new Database();
        }
        return self::$instance;
    }

    public function getConnection() {
        return $this->conn;
    }
}

2. Kuunda Base Model Class

Hapa tunaunda class Model, ambayo inashughulikia CRUD operations kwa kutumia prepared statements ili kuepuka SQL Injection. Class hii ina methods za kufanya kazi na tables kwa kutumia jina la table kama parameter:

class Model {
    protected $db;
    protected $table;

    public function __construct($table) {
        $this->db = Database::getInstance()->getConnection();
        $this->table = $table; // Dynamically set the table name
    }

    public function create($data) {
        $columns = implode(", ", array_keys($data));
        $placeholders = implode(", ", array_fill(0, count($data), "?"));
        $stmt = $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO {$this->table} ($columns) VALUES ($placeholders)");

        $stmt->bind_param(str_repeat("s", count($data)), ...array_values($data)); 
        return $stmt->execute();
    }

    public function all() {
        $stmt = $this->db->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table}");
        $stmt->execute();
        return $stmt->get_result()->fetch_all(MYSQLI_ASSOC);
    }
}

Ufafanuzi wa Code:

Hapa tunatumia prepared statements ili kuhakikisha usalama wa SQL (kama kuepuka SQL injection), na pia tunatekeleza Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

1. __construct($table)

public function __construct($table) {
    $this->db = Database::getInstance()->getConnection();
    $this->table = $table; // Dynamically set the table name
}

• __construct($table): Hii ni constructor ya class. Kila mara unapotengeneza instance ya class hii, constructor hii itaitwa. Inachukua parameter moja, $table, ambalo ni jina la table la MySQL unalotaka kufanya kazi nalo (kwa mfano, "users" au "customers").
• $this->db = Database::getInstance()->getConnection();: Hii inapata connection ya database kwa kutumia Database singleton pattern.
• $this->table = $table;: Hapa tunahifadhi jina la table ambalo limeletwa kwa constructor kwenye property ya class table.

2. create($data)

public function create($data) {
    $columns = implode(", ", array_keys($data));
    $placeholders = implode(", ", array_fill(0, count($data), "?"));
    $stmt = $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO {$this->table} ($columns) VALUES ($placeholders)");

    $stmt->bind_param(str_repeat("s", count($data)), ...array_values($data)); 
    return $stmt->execute();
}

• $columns = implode(", ", array_keys($data));: Hapa tunachukua keys za array ya $data, ambayo inawakilisha majina ya column kwenye database.
• $placeholders = implode(", ", array_fill(0, count($data), "?"));: Tunatengeneza placeholders kwa ajili ya prepared statements.
• $stmt = $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO {$this->table} ($columns) VALUES ($placeholders)");: Hii inatengeneza prepared statement ya SQL.
• $stmt->bind_param(str_repeat("s", count($data)), ...array_values($data));: Inatenganisha values za $data na kuzifanya ziwe parameta ambazo zitashikiliwa na placeholders.
• return $stmt->execute();: Hatimaye, statement inatekelezwa kwa kutumia execute().

3. all()

public function all() {
    $stmt ...